Pure Programmer
Project: Base64 Encoding
[[Base64]] is a binary-to-text encoding scheme used in the early days of computing when SMTP (email) and other network protocols only supported 7-bit bytes. It is still used today for attachments to email files. The idea is to convert a file that uses 8-bit bytes into a stream of 7-bit ASCII characters. By using a radix of 64 we can represent 6-bit values with one of the characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, +, /. So the idea is to break three octets up into four sextets, then convert the sextet to one of our 64 7-bit safe ASCII characters. Depending on the length of the data one or two equal signs '=' will need to be output at the end to pad the output to an even multiple of four. Also to make things easier to read, a newline is output after every 76 output characters.
Write a program that accepts a filename on the command line, converts the file to Base64 and outputs it to the console.
See Base64Decoding
Output
$ rustc Base64Encoding.rs
error[E0425]: cannot find value `ifh` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:76:10
|
76 | binmode(ifh);
| ^^^ not found in this scope
error[E0425]: cannot find value `ifh` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:78:18
|
78 | while getbyte(c,ifh) {
| ^^^ not found in this scope
error[E0425]: cannot find value `ifh` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:82:8
|
82 | close(ifh)?;
| ^^^ not found in this scope
error[E0425]: cannot find function `exit` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:89:3
|
89 | exit(1);
| ^^^^ not found in this scope
|
help: consider importing this function
|
8 + use std::process::exit;
|
warning: unnecessary parentheses around assigned value
--> Base64Encoding.rs:26:18
|
26 | sixBitCode = (leftoverBits << 4);
| ^ ^
|
= note: `#[warn(unused_parens)]` on by default
help: remove these parentheses
|
26 - sixBitCode = (leftoverBits << 4);
26 + sixBitCode = leftoverBits << 4;
|
warning: unnecessary parentheses around assigned value
--> Base64Encoding.rs:31:18
|
31 | sixBitCode = (leftoverBits << 2);
| ^ ^
|
help: remove these parentheses
|
31 - sixBitCode = (leftoverBits << 2);
31 + sixBitCode = leftoverBits << 2;
|
error[E0277]: the type `str` cannot be indexed by `isize`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:27:30
|
27 | print!("{}", base64Codes[sixBitCode]);
| ^^^^^^^^^^ string indices are ranges of `usize`
|
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<str>` is not implemented for `isize`
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<[T]>` is implemented for `usize`
= note: required for `str` to implement `Index<isize>`
error[E0277]: the type `str` cannot be indexed by `isize`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:32:30
|
32 | print!("{}", base64Codes[sixBitCode]);
| ^^^^^^^^^^ string indices are ranges of `usize`
|
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<str>` is not implemented for `isize`
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<[T]>` is implemented for `usize`
= note: required for `str` to implement `Index<isize>`
error[E0277]: the type `str` cannot be indexed by `isize`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:50:29
|
50 | print!("{}", base64Codes[sixBitCode]);
| ^^^^^^^^^^ string indices are ranges of `usize`
|
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<str>` is not implemented for `isize`
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<[T]>` is implemented for `usize`
= note: required for `str` to implement `Index<isize>`
error[E0277]: the type `str` cannot be indexed by `isize`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:56:29
|
56 | print!("{}", base64Codes[sixBitCode]);
| ^^^^^^^^^^ string indices are ranges of `usize`
|
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<str>` is not implemented for `isize`
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<[T]>` is implemented for `usize`
= note: required for `str` to implement `Index<isize>`
error[E0277]: the type `str` cannot be indexed by `isize`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:61:29
|
61 | print!("{}", base64Codes[sixBitCode]);
| ^^^^^^^^^^ string indices are ranges of `usize`
|
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<str>` is not implemented for `isize`
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<[T]>` is implemented for `usize`
= note: required for `str` to implement `Index<isize>`
error[E0277]: the type `str` cannot be indexed by `isize`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:62:29
|
62 | print!("{}", base64Codes[leftoverBits]);
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^ string indices are ranges of `usize`
|
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<str>` is not implemented for `isize`
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<[T]>` is implemented for `usize`
= note: required for `str` to implement `Index<isize>`
error[E0425]: cannot find function `binmode` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:76:2
|
76 | binmode(ifh);
| ^^^^^^^ not found in this scope
error[E0425]: cannot find function `getbyte` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:78:8
|
78 | while getbyte(c,ifh) {
| ^^^^^^^ not found in this scope
error[E0308]: mismatched types
--> Base64Encoding.rs:79:16
|
79 | outputBase64(c);
| ------------ ^ expected `isize`, found `u8`
| |
| arguments to this function are incorrect
|
note: function defined here
--> Base64Encoding.rs:19:4
|
19 | fn outputBase64(c:isize) -> () {
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^ -------
help: you can convert a `u8` to an `isize`
|
79 | outputBase64(c.into());
| +++++++
error[E0425]: cannot find function `close` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:82:2
|
82 | close(ifh)?;
| ^^^^^ not found in this scope
error[E0308]: mismatched types
--> Base64Encoding.rs:75:40
|
75 | fn convertBinaryFile(filespec:&str) -> Result<(), Arc<dyn error::Error>> {
| ----------------- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ expected `Result<(), Arc<dyn Error>>`, found `()`
| |
| implicitly returns `()` as its body has no tail or `return` expression
|
= note: expected enum `Result<(), Arc<(dyn std::error::Error + 'static)>>`
found unit type `()`
error[E0433]: failed to resolve: use of undeclared crate or module `io`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:98:59
|
98 | if let Some(ex) = utils::isCustomErrorType(ex.clone(), io::Error("".to_string())){
| ^^
| |
| use of undeclared crate or module `io`
| help: a builtin type with a similar name exists: `i8`
error: aborting due to 16 previous errors; 2 warnings emitted
Some errors have detailed explanations: E0277, E0308, E0425, E0433.
For more information about an error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
$ rustc Base64Encoding.rs
error[E0425]: cannot find value `ifh` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:76:10
|
76 | binmode(ifh);
| ^^^ not found in this scope
error[E0425]: cannot find value `ifh` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:78:18
|
78 | while getbyte(c,ifh) {
| ^^^ not found in this scope
error[E0425]: cannot find value `ifh` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:82:8
|
82 | close(ifh)?;
| ^^^ not found in this scope
error[E0425]: cannot find function `exit` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:89:3
|
89 | exit(1);
| ^^^^ not found in this scope
|
help: consider importing this function
|
8 + use std::process::exit;
|
warning: unnecessary parentheses around assigned value
--> Base64Encoding.rs:26:18
|
26 | sixBitCode = (leftoverBits << 4);
| ^ ^
|
= note: `#[warn(unused_parens)]` on by default
help: remove these parentheses
|
26 - sixBitCode = (leftoverBits << 4);
26 + sixBitCode = leftoverBits << 4;
|
warning: unnecessary parentheses around assigned value
--> Base64Encoding.rs:31:18
|
31 | sixBitCode = (leftoverBits << 2);
| ^ ^
|
help: remove these parentheses
|
31 - sixBitCode = (leftoverBits << 2);
31 + sixBitCode = leftoverBits << 2;
|
error[E0277]: the type `str` cannot be indexed by `isize`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:27:30
|
27 | print!("{}", base64Codes[sixBitCode]);
| ^^^^^^^^^^ string indices are ranges of `usize`
|
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<str>` is not implemented for `isize`
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<[T]>` is implemented for `usize`
= note: required for `str` to implement `Index<isize>`
error[E0277]: the type `str` cannot be indexed by `isize`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:32:30
|
32 | print!("{}", base64Codes[sixBitCode]);
| ^^^^^^^^^^ string indices are ranges of `usize`
|
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<str>` is not implemented for `isize`
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<[T]>` is implemented for `usize`
= note: required for `str` to implement `Index<isize>`
error[E0277]: the type `str` cannot be indexed by `isize`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:50:29
|
50 | print!("{}", base64Codes[sixBitCode]);
| ^^^^^^^^^^ string indices are ranges of `usize`
|
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<str>` is not implemented for `isize`
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<[T]>` is implemented for `usize`
= note: required for `str` to implement `Index<isize>`
error[E0277]: the type `str` cannot be indexed by `isize`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:56:29
|
56 | print!("{}", base64Codes[sixBitCode]);
| ^^^^^^^^^^ string indices are ranges of `usize`
|
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<str>` is not implemented for `isize`
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<[T]>` is implemented for `usize`
= note: required for `str` to implement `Index<isize>`
error[E0277]: the type `str` cannot be indexed by `isize`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:61:29
|
61 | print!("{}", base64Codes[sixBitCode]);
| ^^^^^^^^^^ string indices are ranges of `usize`
|
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<str>` is not implemented for `isize`
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<[T]>` is implemented for `usize`
= note: required for `str` to implement `Index<isize>`
error[E0277]: the type `str` cannot be indexed by `isize`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:62:29
|
62 | print!("{}", base64Codes[leftoverBits]);
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^ string indices are ranges of `usize`
|
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<str>` is not implemented for `isize`
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<[T]>` is implemented for `usize`
= note: required for `str` to implement `Index<isize>`
error[E0425]: cannot find function `binmode` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:76:2
|
76 | binmode(ifh);
| ^^^^^^^ not found in this scope
error[E0425]: cannot find function `getbyte` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:78:8
|
78 | while getbyte(c,ifh) {
| ^^^^^^^ not found in this scope
error[E0308]: mismatched types
--> Base64Encoding.rs:79:16
|
79 | outputBase64(c);
| ------------ ^ expected `isize`, found `u8`
| |
| arguments to this function are incorrect
|
note: function defined here
--> Base64Encoding.rs:19:4
|
19 | fn outputBase64(c:isize) -> () {
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^ -------
help: you can convert a `u8` to an `isize`
|
79 | outputBase64(c.into());
| +++++++
error[E0425]: cannot find function `close` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:82:2
|
82 | close(ifh)?;
| ^^^^^ not found in this scope
error[E0308]: mismatched types
--> Base64Encoding.rs:75:40
|
75 | fn convertBinaryFile(filespec:&str) -> Result<(), Arc<dyn error::Error>> {
| ----------------- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ expected `Result<(), Arc<dyn Error>>`, found `()`
| |
| implicitly returns `()` as its body has no tail or `return` expression
|
= note: expected enum `Result<(), Arc<(dyn std::error::Error + 'static)>>`
found unit type `()`
error[E0433]: failed to resolve: use of undeclared crate or module `io`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:98:59
|
98 | if let Some(ex) = utils::isCustomErrorType(ex.clone(), io::Error("".to_string())){
| ^^
| |
| use of undeclared crate or module `io`
| help: a builtin type with a similar name exists: `i8`
error: aborting due to 16 previous errors; 2 warnings emitted
Some errors have detailed explanations: E0277, E0308, E0425, E0433.
For more information about an error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
$ rustc Base64Encoding.rs
error[E0425]: cannot find value `ifh` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:76:10
|
76 | binmode(ifh);
| ^^^ not found in this scope
error[E0425]: cannot find value `ifh` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:78:18
|
78 | while getbyte(c,ifh) {
| ^^^ not found in this scope
error[E0425]: cannot find value `ifh` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:82:8
|
82 | close(ifh)?;
| ^^^ not found in this scope
error[E0425]: cannot find function `exit` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:89:3
|
89 | exit(1);
| ^^^^ not found in this scope
|
help: consider importing this function
|
8 + use std::process::exit;
|
warning: unnecessary parentheses around assigned value
--> Base64Encoding.rs:26:18
|
26 | sixBitCode = (leftoverBits << 4);
| ^ ^
|
= note: `#[warn(unused_parens)]` on by default
help: remove these parentheses
|
26 - sixBitCode = (leftoverBits << 4);
26 + sixBitCode = leftoverBits << 4;
|
warning: unnecessary parentheses around assigned value
--> Base64Encoding.rs:31:18
|
31 | sixBitCode = (leftoverBits << 2);
| ^ ^
|
help: remove these parentheses
|
31 - sixBitCode = (leftoverBits << 2);
31 + sixBitCode = leftoverBits << 2;
|
error[E0277]: the type `str` cannot be indexed by `isize`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:27:30
|
27 | print!("{}", base64Codes[sixBitCode]);
| ^^^^^^^^^^ string indices are ranges of `usize`
|
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<str>` is not implemented for `isize`
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<[T]>` is implemented for `usize`
= note: required for `str` to implement `Index<isize>`
error[E0277]: the type `str` cannot be indexed by `isize`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:32:30
|
32 | print!("{}", base64Codes[sixBitCode]);
| ^^^^^^^^^^ string indices are ranges of `usize`
|
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<str>` is not implemented for `isize`
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<[T]>` is implemented for `usize`
= note: required for `str` to implement `Index<isize>`
error[E0277]: the type `str` cannot be indexed by `isize`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:50:29
|
50 | print!("{}", base64Codes[sixBitCode]);
| ^^^^^^^^^^ string indices are ranges of `usize`
|
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<str>` is not implemented for `isize`
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<[T]>` is implemented for `usize`
= note: required for `str` to implement `Index<isize>`
error[E0277]: the type `str` cannot be indexed by `isize`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:56:29
|
56 | print!("{}", base64Codes[sixBitCode]);
| ^^^^^^^^^^ string indices are ranges of `usize`
|
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<str>` is not implemented for `isize`
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<[T]>` is implemented for `usize`
= note: required for `str` to implement `Index<isize>`
error[E0277]: the type `str` cannot be indexed by `isize`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:61:29
|
61 | print!("{}", base64Codes[sixBitCode]);
| ^^^^^^^^^^ string indices are ranges of `usize`
|
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<str>` is not implemented for `isize`
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<[T]>` is implemented for `usize`
= note: required for `str` to implement `Index<isize>`
error[E0277]: the type `str` cannot be indexed by `isize`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:62:29
|
62 | print!("{}", base64Codes[leftoverBits]);
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^ string indices are ranges of `usize`
|
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<str>` is not implemented for `isize`
= help: the trait `SliceIndex<[T]>` is implemented for `usize`
= note: required for `str` to implement `Index<isize>`
error[E0425]: cannot find function `binmode` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:76:2
|
76 | binmode(ifh);
| ^^^^^^^ not found in this scope
error[E0425]: cannot find function `getbyte` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:78:8
|
78 | while getbyte(c,ifh) {
| ^^^^^^^ not found in this scope
error[E0308]: mismatched types
--> Base64Encoding.rs:79:16
|
79 | outputBase64(c);
| ------------ ^ expected `isize`, found `u8`
| |
| arguments to this function are incorrect
|
note: function defined here
--> Base64Encoding.rs:19:4
|
19 | fn outputBase64(c:isize) -> () {
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^ -------
help: you can convert a `u8` to an `isize`
|
79 | outputBase64(c.into());
| +++++++
error[E0425]: cannot find function `close` in this scope
--> Base64Encoding.rs:82:2
|
82 | close(ifh)?;
| ^^^^^ not found in this scope
error[E0308]: mismatched types
--> Base64Encoding.rs:75:40
|
75 | fn convertBinaryFile(filespec:&str) -> Result<(), Arc<dyn error::Error>> {
| ----------------- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ expected `Result<(), Arc<dyn Error>>`, found `()`
| |
| implicitly returns `()` as its body has no tail or `return` expression
|
= note: expected enum `Result<(), Arc<(dyn std::error::Error + 'static)>>`
found unit type `()`
error[E0433]: failed to resolve: use of undeclared crate or module `io`
--> Base64Encoding.rs:98:59
|
98 | if let Some(ex) = utils::isCustomErrorType(ex.clone(), io::Error("".to_string())){
| ^^
| |
| use of undeclared crate or module `io`
| help: a builtin type with a similar name exists: `i8`
error: aborting due to 16 previous errors; 2 warnings emitted
Some errors have detailed explanations: E0277, E0308, E0425, E0433.
For more information about an error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.